Philadelphia is typically 14 hours behind Tokyo. When it's 9:00 AM in Tokyo, it's 7:00 PM the previous evening in Philadelphia. Japan does not observe daylight saving time, but Philadelphia does.
During US daylight saving time (March to November), the difference is 13 hours. During US standard time (November to March), the difference increases to 14 hours.
Optimal meeting window: 7:00 PM - 10:00 PM Philadelphia time (8:00 AM - 11:00 AM Tokyo next day, or 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM in winter). Evening Philadelphia catches morning Tokyo.
Philadelphia's pharmaceutical industry has strong ties to Japan, with companies like Takeda and Astellas maintaining US headquarters or major operations in the region. The University of Pennsylvania also has significant academic exchanges with Japanese institutions.